Abstract:Field experiments were conducted with the objectives to evaluate the physiological response of eggplant stomatal resistance (rs) to various deficit irrigation regimes applied with subsurface and surface drip systems under the Mediterranean climatic conditions. In the study, surface drip (DI) and subsurface drip systems (SDI); 3-day and 6-day irrigation intervals (IF3, IF6); and full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigations (DI50, DI75) and Partial Root Drying (PRD50) were evaluated in split-split plot design. Irrigation systems, intervals and regimes resulted in significantly different yields. DI performed slightly better than the SDI in the first year but performed similarly in the second year regarding the yield. Water stress reduced eggplant yield significantly and PRD50 treatments resulted in the lowest yields. Smaller rs values were measured in FI plots in both drip systems with 3-day interval than deficit irrigation treatments and longer irrigation frequency plots. Significant relationships among rs and yield were obtained. The results revealed that eggplant should be irrigated at rs value of approximately 30 and 40 s m-1 for high and good quality yields. Thus rs can be used for irrigation scheduling for eggplant. The physiological response of eggplant to different water stress levels can be used for optimization and sustainability of crop production in areas where water sources are limited or expensive.
Abstract:These efforts to modify distributions are attempt to get more pliable models.\nWeibull and Exponential distributions are widely used in reliability and\nsurvival analysis. A new distribution of exponential family has been developed comprising of four parameters named Weibull-Truncated Exponential Distribution (W-TEXPD). Each parameter plays an ample role in modeling the data. A number of distributions are the special cases of proposed distribution. It appears that this model can be used as an substitute to the Exponential, standard Weibull and shifted Weibull distributions. The statistical\ncharacteristics namely cumulative distribution function, hazard function, cumulative hazard function, skewness and kurtosis, percentile, entropy and order statistics are discussed. By using maximum likelihood estimation procedure, the unknown parameters of W-TEXPD are computed. The proposed probability distribution is fitted to two real data sets to emphasize its application\nwhich demonstrates better t than Weibull, Gamma, Exponential and\ntruncated exponential distributions.
Abstract:The urban cities in Nigeria are experiencing a deformation causing an urban decay with poor housing construction, improper use of unplanned land hindering urban spatial development. In this paper examination of slum prevalence in Nigeria and aims to propose development scheme to improve informal settlement of the urban cities focusing on governmental intervention and development policies in all level of governmental authorities to upgrade the living conditions and obtain value for the urban low class. Harvesting the potential of the work force of this region for urban development, aims to provide highlight to the use of infrastructural development particularly road network to aid connectivity and urban design. A review of informal settlement mainly on the absence of infrastructure and degraded environmental conditions in an unplanned settlement in the city of Kaduna popularly known as Railway Down Quarter, proposes a possible strategy and approach for upgrade and reform. This research develops a conceptual approach of the necessity of mainly road infrastructure a medium that introduces services and development in informal settlements in Kaduna, Nigeria by government intervention.
Abstract:Kangal shepherd dogs have excellent sensory organs and perform missions perfectly. For this reason, in many countries of the world, they are preferred for herd guard and the shepherd dog. One of these sensory organs is hearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deafness risk estimation analyse of Kangal shepherd dogs breeding in Sivas province of Turkey. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response test was applied to 160 Kangal shepherd dogs in Sivas province center and districts. During the application is carried out, the dogs were kept in the present natural environment. The dogs were divided into groups according to their general, gender and age, and their responses to frequencies ranging from 20, 40, 60 and 80 decibels (dB) for the right and left ears were investigated. Oneway ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test were used in the age group comparison, and independent samples t-test was used in the comparison of the other groups. All statistical analysis were performed in the SPSS v.15 software. As a result, the presence of unilateral deafness was detected in 2 dogs in totally. It was also shown that the sense of hearing did not improve in puppies up to 11 days old. Group comparisons were provided statistical significance for right ear in 40 and 60 dB for age groups, and right ear in 80 dB for gender groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference in comparison of the other frequencies of the groups (P > 0.05). This is the first study that deafness estimation was conducted in Kangal shepherd dogs.
Abstract:IDH5, 4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl), is a newly synthesized quinazolinone compound without any reports regarding its biological activities. For the first time, we report the anti-proliferative effect of the compound against human colon cancer cells. Using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, we demonstrated that IDH5 inhibited cell growth both dose- and time-dependently. The inhibitory activity of IDH5 on cell growth was further confirmed by colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution of HCT116 cells was not significantly affected by IDH5 using flow cytometry analysis. But the fraction of apoptotic cells was increased dose-dependently as assessed by annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Furthermore, we found that the ration of pro-apoptotic protein Bax over anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly increased, indicating permeabilization of mitochondrion membrane and triggering of apoptosis by IDH5. In conclusion, the quinazolinone compound IDH5 inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells through induction of apoptosis.
Abstract:this paper treats the design methodology of adaptive state observer for a class of linear continuous delayed state and input systems. The system considered is subject to unknown input. The aim of this paper is to design an adaptive observer for a irrigation canal which is time delay system with unknown inputs. The key step is to use a simple method for the design of this observer which is the combination between a state observer and an adaptation law that can estimates the unknown input. Sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of this observer are treated. By using information on asymptotic stability, we develop method for designing a linear adaptive observer to guarantee the global uniform asymptotic convergence of the estimation error. Considered on Lyapunov stability theory, the design of this observer is solved with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) technique. The unknown input observer can be used in fault detection and isolation. Simulations results illustrate the design approach and the effectiveness of obtained stability conditions and also have a good robustness to unknown parameters.
Abstract:Water is the element around which this maintenance of life, an industrial expansion and an alarming growth of water pollution causes enormous difficulties of feeding which obliges us to worry about our health and our living conditions, because their repercussions prove very serious on our environment.\nIn this context, we have tried to give a detailed overview on the pollution of wadi Meboudja (North East of Algeria) by a working protocol based on surface water withdrawals from this oued in order to establish water quality and obtain databases relating to water pollution in Algeria.\nAnd within this framework the analysis of physico-chemical parameters such as : (T°, pH, CE, DO, BOD5, NO3 -, NO2-, Cl-, MES and fatty oils) is necessary in all along the wadi Meboudja (lover, center and downstream), in order to establish a diagnosis of the state of pollution of surface waters of this river.\nThe results obtained show that at the sites where waste water is discharged from the municipality of El Hdjar-Annaba and industrial discharges from the steel processing complex (Arcelormittal), the industrial area of Chaiba and Pont Bouchet, with discharges of agricultural products from the plain of El Hadjar - willaya of Annaba; There is an increase in the levels of nitrates, nitrites and chlorides as well as the potential of hydrogen, electrical conductivity and even the content of suspended matter and fatty oils; and all the latter leads to contamination and increased degrees of pollution of the waters of this wadi which become unusable and which generates an alarming danger by the fact that the latter is located in an urban area, agricultural and surmounting a sub-affleurante groundwater table. Moreover, the water from the wadi flows directly into the Mediterranean Sea through the Seybouse wadi without prior treatment.\nTherefore this situation requires biological, chemical and physical control and treatment in order to be usable by the public.
Abstract:The paper examines the main technologies used for the production of primary circuits for substations correlated with the cost price and environmental impact in terms of space required for installation, CO2-equivalent emissions of equipment’s and other pollutants. An accurate assessment during the design stage of the risks and benefits of using a technical-economical solution can be a decisive factor in the strategy adopted to construct new substations or revamp the existing ones.
Abstract:Objective: In this study we aimed to determine autoantibodies against exocrine pancreas (PAB), goblet cells antibody (IGCA), antibody against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), and perinuclear components of neutrophils (pANCA) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).\nMethods: A total of 102 patients (median age 36.93±11.93 years) with IBD (50 patients with Crohn’s disease, 52 patients with ulcerative colitis) and 50 healthy control subjects were included into the study. Serum antibodies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence.\nResults: ASCA was positive in 12% (n=6), PAB in 44% (n=22), IGCA in 24% (n=12), pANCA in 10% (n=5) of the patients with Crohn’s disease; and in 7.7% (n=4), PAB in 2% (n=1), IGCA in 36.5% (n=19), pANCA in 17.3% (n=9) of the patients with ulcerative colitis. Pancreatic antibodies correlated with an advanced degree in Crohn’s disease (p=0.0001), but other antibodies did not differ among study groups. \nConclusions: Autoantibodies against exocrine pancreas are valuable in the diagnosis in IBD rather than CD, but cannot be used alone for diagnostic purposes. All the autoantibodies may be helpful in non-invasive and differential diagnosis of UC and CD.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation of Coloured horses by using microsatellite markers. In the study, samples from a total of 28 Coloured horse were genotyped using total 17 microsatellite markers, 12 of them are recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) and the other 5 loci included by the StockMarks Genotyping Kit. A total of 129 different alleles were identified and the average number of alleles was 7.588. The heterozygosity value (Ho) was 0.286 as the lowest (LEX3 marker) and 0.929 (HTG10 marker) as the highest among the markers; the expected lowest heterozygosity value (He) was determined as 0.607 (HTG4 marker) and the highest one was 0.876 (VHL20 marker). The mean Ho and He values were calculated as 0.729 and 0.771, respectively. On a population basis, the mean FIS and FIT values were 0.047. The mean PIC value was 0.741. In the phylogenetic tree formed by the neighbour joining tree (NJT), it was determined that the Coloured horses were generally categorized into 3 groups. Although statistically significant results (P = 0.01008) were found in the studies investigating whether the population of Coloured horses had the risk of extinction or not, it was determined that the data showed normal L distribution indicating no risk of recent extinction. In this study, we determined that the Coloured horses had a genetically important potential.