The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with cervical cancer and head and neck cancer is well established, but the relevance in breast cancer is controversial. Several studies have shown that oncogenic HPV DNA, which is currently used in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, can be detected not only in breast cancers but also in benign breast lesions. For this reason, this study targeted HPV E6/E7 mRNA of carcinogenic high-risk HPV genotypes and analyzed HPV infection and its correlation with breast cancer in breast cancer tissue of Korean women.\nIn the present study, HPV E6/E7 mRNA was evaluated using a reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, with RNA extracted from breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, including tissues from 67 women with breast cancers and 10 with fibroadenomas. A total of 67 cDNAs from FFPE breast tissue was used for HPV genotyping with the CervicGen HPV RT-qDX kit, which detected 16 high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58 for Alpha-9; HPV 18, 39, 45, 51, 59, and 68 for Alpha-7; and HPV 53, 56, 66, and 69 for Alpha-5, 6) through detection of HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression. The results showed that HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression was not detected in all breast tissues including breast cancers and fibroadenomas, and there was no association between HPV and breast cancer.\nTherefore, investigate the relationship between HPV infection and breast cancer development, more samples should be used to compare results according to molecular diagnostic methods and to confirm the correlation of related tumor-suppressor genes.
In the past years cable structures usage has been globally increased and buildings have been widened in scale due to structural system easy combination with different materials and elements. Representing linear tensile elements usually produced from steel, cables have a great ability to withstand large loads and support the structures in the diverse climatic conditions. \nDespite the historical background overview of cable structures article reveals structural developments of the system and changes in cables implementation. Changes in the scale and function led to the modifications in the system and appearance of new cladding materials affected the function and forms of cable structures. Article keeps open the subject of cables combination with traditional materials of existing buildings. \nKauffman Center for the Performing Arts located in Kansas City in USA was chosen as case study to reveal construction methodology of large scale cable structures considering impact of the climate.
This study investigates the effectiveness of intra-mammary ozone administration in a dry period and at the time of delivery for preventing mastitis in herds with contagious mastitis. The cows were divided into five groups with 10 cows in each. Group 1 was administered ozone-containing foam preparation via the teat canal into four udder lobes for 5 seconds at the beginning of the dry period; Group 2 was administered ozone at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery; Group 3 was administered ozone at the time of delivery; Group 4 was administered dry period udder preparation at the beginning of the dry period; and Group 5 was administered only teat seal at the beginning of the dry period. No statistically significant difference was found between the cows with regard to the SCC values at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery (in cows without clinical mastitis, n=25). The SCC values were reported to decrease when the values at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery were compared. All cows except two in Group 1 were detected to have clinical mastitis according to the frequency of microbial isolation in milk at the time of delivery. In conclusion, intra-mammary ozone administration did not prevent mastitis in the dry period or at the time of delivery in herds with contagious mastitis; moreover, it was determined to increase the rate of clinical mastitis in the postpartum period.
In this study, the coating of Inconel 718 superalloy synthesized with elemental powders on the AISI 1010 steel substrate was carried out by resistance sintering. Microstructure and phase analyzes of the coated sample were performed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Inconel 718 superalloy coated specimens were applied to double aging heat treatment to provide superior mechanical and high temperature properties. The microstructure images of the samples applied heat treatment after coating process indicate that they have good adherence capability and low porosity content. In the SEM-EDS results obtained from the coating-substrate interface after applying double aging heat treatment, it was identified that the mutual diffusion occurred at the interface. XRD analysis depicts that the phases formed in the synthesized Inconel 718 superalloy coating layers were as a major phase, Cr2O3 minor phases. Moreover, MC and trace phases were detected in addition to these phases in double aging heat treated coating.
This paper deals with the mechanical behavior of RC beams in a reinforced concrete structure exposed to fire. The main considered parameters are: 1) the cross-section; 2) the amount of longitudinal reinforcement; 3) the length of the span; 4) the mechanical loading. In this study, several rectangular RC beams are heated from the bottom and the sides according to the standard ISO834 fire, and analyzed using the structural code SAFIR. By considering each RC beam as an isolated member, the analysis according to the applied load is carried out taking into account two cross sections: the mid-span section and the support section. The results show that the amount of reinforcement and the span length have significant influence to the fire behavior of considered RC beams.