The problem of agency is classic and treated by the Agency Theory. On one side is the agent, which holds information to decision-making in the company which, in turn, is owned by the principal. There is a conflict of interests, because each individual possesses them differently. Therefore, the compensation can be a way of main control the actions of the agent. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the practices of earnings quality on executive compensation as a way to propose indicators to support the policies of executive compensation for performance. The sample is composed of 393 companies that disclosed the information on executive compensation in the period from 2007 to 2016, countries that comprise the European Union. The statistical technique applied was panel data that, after the validation testing of the model chosen by random effects. The results allow us to affirm that executive compensation packages are linked to the persistence of profits in larger companies. It was also found that the use of accruals reflect negatively on executive compensation, such that the practice of smoothing result, and the timely recognition of losses, even with weak relationship, presented a positive signal in relation to the compensation. The findings of the survey allowed to understand the influence of the practices of earnings quality on executive compensation in the member countries of the European Union and has contributed to the understanding of the market in general and for the academy, to expand the research on executive compensation and measures the performance of companies and analyze performance measurements distinct from those used until then.

When applying direct seeding technologies, the straw left on the soil surface makes uniform seedling establishment difficult and more complex. The plain disc coulter is commonly used to cut straw in direct seeding system. The moisture content of the soil and straw has a considerable influence on the cutting process and cutting force requirement. The objectives of this research are to study the effect of a disc coulter equipped with two press-wheels on the straw cutting process and force needed for cutting (fixed-ends straw) at different soil and straw moisture contents. The results of the fixed-ends straw were compared with that of disc coulter without press-wheels (free ends straw). To simulating disc coulter equipped with two press-wheel, cutting knives and a pair of clips for holding the straw were fabricated and used during the experiment. TMS-PRO measuring instrument in the laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University was used in this study. Five straw moisture contents (STMC) (10.11, 18.9, 34.29, 46.83 and 54.80%), three different number of straw pieces (NSP) (1, 2 and 3), five soil moisture contents (SMC) (16.17, 19.28, 22.26, 26.18 and 30.16%) and three different knives sharpening angles (KSA) (1, 1.5 and 2 mm) were considered during the experiments. The results show that the free-ends straw was pushed into the soil (0% straw cut) when the SMC was greater than 22.26%, or the STMC was greater than 46.83% for all KSA and NSP. In the case of fixed straw, the percentage cut was 100% at all STMC, SMC, NSP, and KSA. The results also proved that the free ends straw cutting force increased with the increase of the STMC and KSA. Although the SMC had a considerable influence on the free-ends straw cutting force requirement, it did not affect the fixed-ends straw cutting force requirement. The force required to cut free-ends straw ranges between 122 – 300 N when the STMC, KSA, SMC, and the NSP were ranged between 10.11 - 18.90%, 1 – 2 mm, 16.17 – 19.28% and 1 -3 respectively. While the values of the fixed-ends straw cutting force were ranged between 134 – 510 N when the STMC varied between 10.11% - 54.80%, KSA between 1 – 2 mm and the NSP between 1 – 3 respectively. In fixed-ends straw cutting operation, the depth needed to cut the straw was increased with the increase of the SMC. The straw was cut at depths of 12, 23 and 19 mm when the SMC was 22.26, 26.18 and 30.6% respectively. We can conclude that pressing the straw on both sides during the cutting operation allows the cutting process to continue up to a soil and straw moisture content of 30.16% and 54% respectively.

YouTube as a new media has been viral in Indonesia since 2010. Many Indonesian youths became popular as YouTubers (users of YouTube whose actively uploads videos on YouTube). Data of Google Marketing indicated Indonesia as the country with the largest population by viewing time on YouTube in the Asia Pacific in 2015. YouTube also on the 1st rank of the most viewed social media site in Indonesia (data by Alexa.com, 2016). One of the famous Indonesian YouTuber is Last Day Production (also known as LDP), who regularly uploads the situational drama, skits, and parody. All of the casts in LDP are Chinese Indonesians and in young age (under 30 years old). In Indonesian National Day 2016, LDP uploading the video, “Tipikal Anak Muda Indonesia” (Typical of Indonesian Youth) and exposed on how Indonesian youth now envisage their nationalism. LDP created this video in collaboration with Eka Gustiwana, another young famous YouTube musician, Aulion, and Kevin Anggara, another famous Indonesian YouTube. This video also became trending video in YouTube Indonesia around August 2016. Cyberculture theory became the approach in this research. The approaches for this research utilizes Cyber Culture Theory and Visualizing Methods. Unit analysis of this research are the viral video, text, music, and what the LDP portrays in this video.

The Wireless medical sensor network consists of group of sensors to monitor the patient health status. It is used by the patients who have chronic diseases and also by the people who needs to monitor their health status. The collected patient data are transmitted to the doctor’s place or to the hospital server for diagnosis. While transmission, the data can be hacked by the attackers. As the patient data is most sensitive it requires confidentiality, integrity and authenticity. At the same time, the security techniques applying on medical data has to be lightweight. As it has to reduce energy consumption and perform fast data transmission. So, the paper presents the lightweight cryptographic methods and compares the performance of lightweight symmetric algorithms. From the comparison, the Speck algorithm is chosen as the best lightweight symmetric algorithm and combined with Cipher text Policy –Attribute Based Encryption to provide privacy to the medical data. The experimental result proves the lightweight cryptographic algorithm reduces energy consumption and also provides required security to WMSN. The comparison of the computation time and energy consumption of the proposed system with the existing systems is shown in results.

Traditionally, a combination of the designer�s experience and the consumers� preferences are considered to generate the lead concept of a design project. However, these features are not enough to warrant designed objects to become an experience for consumers, and symbolically rooted, in such a way it is necessary to go beyond a conventional research in order to get a deep meaningful experience. Therefore, a way to improve the processes of optimize design projects is by incorporating the research related to symbolic features of consumers. So, the aim of this paper is to consider the use of symbolic techniques in research with the objective of deepen in the representative features of users to create design concepts to optimize design projects.

A significant segment within the sustainable development of agricultural production and economic prosperity is production in controlled conditions, such as production in greenhouses and glasshouses. This type of production enables intensive use of land throughout the year, whereby incomparably higher incomes and employment can be achieved than in the case of classical crop production. In the Republic of Serbia, vegetable production is almost entirely concentrated on family farms, which are the most important production unit, both in production potentials, as well as in production volume. Considering the importance of family farms, the subject of this study is a comparative analysis of vegetable production on family farms, namely, vegetable production in greenhouses, as well as open-air vegetable production. In this context, the paper presents two models for optimizing vegetable production structure, using the method of linear programming and the software package "LINDO". The first model refers to vegetable production in greenhouses (variant I) and the second one is formulated for open-air vegetable production (variant II). Model solving and analysis have pointed to differences in optimal sowing - planting structure, in the number of independent variables or vegetables included in models, and in realized net income where variant I achieved higher net income per hectare and higher production economy.

This study was conducted to determine the self-esteem and decision making styles of volleyball referees. 524 individuals from among the active referees affiliated with the Turkish Volleyball Federation, Central Committee of Referees and Observers, voluntarily participated in the study. To collect research data, the personal data form developed by the researchers and the Melbourne Decision Making Scale I-II were used. Frequency, independent sample t-test and one-way variance analysis were done for statistical evaluation of the data obtained. When the average self-esteem score of the volleyball referees was evaluated in terms of gender, it was found that the self-esteem of male referees was higher than female referees, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p <0.01). When the sub-dimensions of decision-making styles of the referee divisions were evaluated by using one-way variance analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between the divisions in terms of careful decision-making (p> 0.05), whereas statistically significant differences were found between them in terms of the levels of avoidant and delayed decision-making (p<0,05), and in terms of panic decision-making (p<0,01). All sub-dimensions with significant differences were found to be in favor of Division A referees.

Web search technology composed an important technology for data sharing between the networks. In recent years, internet technology suffers from security problems for data transfer and intrusion in heavy traffic is commonly observed. A number of security techniques are providing to secure the system for good communication on the internet. There are lots of technologies available to secure the communication network. In UCI repository available dataset of intrusion detection is Knowledge Discovery Dataset CUP’1999 dataset of DARPA is an Intrusions Detection dataset. We can apply dataset for feature optimization. We can use optimized dataset and reduce the unimportant features of the dataset from the KDD99 dataset by applying the decision tree, support vector machine, ensemble algorithm, and principal component analysis. The aim of our paper has reduced the features of the dataset for finding an intruder in an easy way. When we are using Extreme Learning Machine with particle swarm optimization based extreme learning machine (PSO-ELM) and Genetic algorithm based extreme learning machine (GA-ELM) then the accuracy is 99.94% and 99.9% respectively.