Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential factor in the immune regulation of the host defense mechanisms. In macrophages, NO is produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) uses different mechanisms for interacting with NO. Some proline-glutamate (pe) and proline-proline-glutamate (ppe) genes of Mtb are known to inhibit NO production. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of pe/ppe genes and to examine iNOS gene expression and NO production in sensitive, rifampin mono-resistant, and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains. The expression of pe and ppe genes, including ppe2, pe15, pe5, and pe-pgrs62, was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in 55 clinical isolates and infected THP-1 cell line. Also, the expression of iNOS genes and NO production were evaluated by RT-PCR assay and Griess method, respectively. The significant expression of ppe2, pe15, pe-pgrs62, and pe5 genes (P<0.05 for all) was observed in rifampin mono-resistantand MDR strains, as compared to sensitive strains from clinical isolates and the infected THP-1 cell line. The evaluation of iNOS mRNA showed that the expression of this gene in sensitive strains was significantly higher than MDR strain (P<0.05), while no gene expression was observed in rifampin mono-resistantstrain. Also, NO production in the THP-1 cell line, infected with sensitive strain , increased as compared to MDR strain. Based on the present results, differences in the expression of pe and ppe genes and NO production between resistant and sensitive strains may be helpful in the development of new strategies for controlling resistant tuberculosis.

Cancer is a disease of major problem in the world. In 2018 an estimated death rate of 9.6 million due to cancer. The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia is 1.4% or an estimated 347.792 people in 2013. Cancer is a disease caused by the growth of body tissue cells that are not normal. Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment, but the drugs used in chemotherapy are very powerful, so it can kill cancer cells and attack healthy cells. Based on these side effects, in this study research related to new alternatives as a cancer treatment. Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove that has secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins that have a potential as anticancer agents. In this study to analyze the potential of anticancer activity and secondary metabolites contained of mangrove leaves extract of Rhizophora mucronata Poiret were obtained from Pamurbaya, Surabaya, East Java. In this study, the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test was used as an anticancer prescreening test and LC50 (Letal concentration) value was used as a parameter. Methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves with a concentration of 10.1; 20.2; 60.6; 101; 202; 505; 1010 ppm was given to Artemia salina as a test solution. And the result of this study is the methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata Poiret leaves which have potential as anticancer with LC50 values of 170.6082 ppm with the results of phytochemical screening containing secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, anthraquinones, and steroids.

Driven by the democratic approach that Jordan embraces, the Jordanian constitutional law was keen to protect the rights and freedoms of the citizens by explicitly providing several rights and freedoms that the citizens enjoy in the Jordanian Constitution of 1952 and its amendments. The public authorities must respect such rights and freedoms, and it must not be infringed or derogated from. Citizens must be enabled to enjoy and practice these rights and freedoms, which represent a direct protection of it. The law also considered a number of constitutional principles, which the legal state is based on and is used by democratic regimes such as sovereignty of the nation, the separation of powers, and the authority of the constitution. Through its interaction and integration, these principles create acclimate suitable for protecting the citizen�s freedoms and rights as well as guarantying that it is exercised and is not being infringed. This research tries to shed light on the rights and freedoms protected by constitution as per the texts of the Jordanian constitution of 1952 and its amendments, and the effectiveness of the guarantying constitutional principles in protecting and guarantying that it is exercised.

Abstract: This research demonstrated the Islamic faith�s view of the humankind, and the manner in which this faith has honored and raised the status of human beings and valued them as well as elevating them to a high position, which is building earth and being its successors. The research first explained the concept of faith and human being, the manner and nature of humans� creation, and the development of their creation from Adam and Eve. Then, this creation developed from a sperm from water, and became a conception in the womb of the woman. Afterwards, this conception developed from being a clot to (foetus) lump. Then, this lump became bones and next, Allah clothed the bones with flesh and He developed out of it another creature. This research has also clarified how all creatures were utilized to the service of human beings in order to honor and elevate them; Allah has distinguished human beings from the rest of creatures, and made everything on earth to them and for their sake. The most important research findings were that the Islamic faith has honored and demonstrated human beings� superiority by giving them reason through which they can become Allah�s successors on earth in order to build it with everything Allah has utilized for them.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of political organizations, organizational climate, and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in vocational education institutions in Jakarta. The object of this study was 60 senior teaching respondents. The approach used in this research is the Structural Equation Model Model or Variance Model with the Smart-PLS analysis tool. The results showed that political organization, organizational climate and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on teacher job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a significant positive and negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Political organization has a negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior, organizational climate has a positive and significant negative effect on organizational organizational citizenship behavior, organizational culture has positive and significant effect on organizational organizational citizenship behavior.

In nowadays, the biologically inspired robotic systems which closely resemble the actions of small insects, birds and animals are used for many applications like surveillance and monitoring. This research paper explains the design, modelling and analysis of an ornithopter which is a robot that mimics the flapping action of the wings of the birds. It is an aerial vehicle that generates its thrust and lifts forces from the mechanism of flapping wings. The ornithopter consists of two sections on-board control and user control. The on-board control which is placed on the body of the ornithopter to control the flapping action of the wings receives a signal from the user control. The user control is used to control the flapping action, pitch and yaw movement of the ornithopter by the user. The on-board control and the user control are connected by using a wireless module and a camera is also mounted on the body of the ornithopter for surveillance purposes. Environmental pollution is monitored by using various sensors for measuring the levels of CO2, O3, NO2, temperature and humidity. The ornithopter which resembles a bird can be used for various purposes like surveillance, spying and monitoring the pollution in the areas where the humans cannot reach.

This paper presents the design and implementation of mechanical batteries otherwise known as flywheels, in a photovoltaic based power conditioning system. The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is a solid flywheel rotor coupled with electric machinery. The design factors like size, mass, speed of the flywheel were determined using numerical formulae. The choice of material was done through stress analysis using ANSYS software with a meshed model of 15245 elements and 24177 nodes. An experimental set-up of the FESS with a low ultimate-stress flywheel rotor of 0.52 m diameter and 12.8 kg mass was made from cast iron, designed and assembled as a single unit in a metallic frame. The FESS system is tested to support an electrical load of 1kW. The test results were represented graphically to prove that a mechanical flywheel can be used for energy storage as well for power conditioning.

This study aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the Ain Nouissy-Mostaganem brick (north-west Algeria) by adding different sand amounts in the brick making matrix. The sand was added to the brick making matrix with various particle sizes and doses to determine its effect on the characteristics of the final product. Physical and mechanical properties such as Atterberg limits, bulk and absolute densities, porosity and mechanical resistance to compression and bending were investigated. The results of this study show that the optimum values obtained are 0,1 mm and 4% of the matter dry weight for the granulometry and the added sand dose, respectively. The mechanical strength of the product obtained by adding sand records an increase of 19 % compared to the initial product. This increase contributes to the improvement of the brick mechanical resistance and to the valorization of sand. Thus, the improvement of the brick reduces in the future the percentage of breakage related to the storage, handling and transport of the product with its impact on the production capacity.