Human being\'s massive exploitation of fossil energy has resulted in energy crisis, which restricts the development of society and the progress of science and technology. With the development of clean and renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, this issue has received more and more concerns. Aerodynamic performance of 5-Blade Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with varying blade width was studied by 3-D CFD numerical simulation. In the numerical calculation, the FLUENT is used to perform the simulation of the flow property of the wind during turbine blade rotating process, at the same time a low speed flow is promised. The air is assumed as an incompressible fluid, with no heat transfer, etc. The results show that: the power of the wind turbine showed a peak with increase of blade width; The maximum power of the wind turbine appeared at the blade width of 0.8, and the blade rotation rate of 17rpm; The corresponding power value is 194.97W for 5-Blade Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at the blade width of 0.8, height of 1m and the blade rotation rate of 17rpm; and the wind energy utilization coefficient was 15.61%.

The mortar coatings are made in several ways: single layer, two layers, with or without roughcast, with industrialized mortar or dosed on site. The coatings dosed on site may contain cement, lime, natural or artificial aggregate and / or additives. The qualities of these coatings link to the quality of the construction. However, coatings, sometimes, are not made in the proper manner, use appropriate materials, or are applied under favorable climatic conditions. Disrespecting any of these conditions, there will be pathologies in the coating. Aiming at these problems, a research was carried out to test the adhesion strength of various types of mortar coatings and to analyze possible pathologies, which may arise when the mortars are not cured and the substrate is not previously moistened. Expect to find the coating that has the best result and to associate the possible causes, with this study. It concluded that the preparation of the substrate, the technique of applying the coating mortar and the cure are of uppermost importance to assure the quality of the mortar, especially for mortars with additive.

Objective: To estimate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-amnesic, anti-biofilm, thrombolytic, hemolytic, and cytotoxic effects of G. glabra root extracts.\nMethods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated through different chemical assays such as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Alpha amylase and antiglycation inhibitory activities were investigated for antidiabetic potential. Along with these anti-amnesic, cytotoxic (hemolytic, DNA damage protection assay), thrombolytic and biofilm inhibition assays were performed. \nResults: DPPH radical scavenging ability was in range of 5.08-46%; p < 0.05 with n-butanol as most active reducing agent. Chloroform extract showed maximum (80.96 mg GAE; p < 0.05) TPC and TFC values (38.96 mg CE; p < 0.05). For antidiabetic potential chloroform (75%; p < 0.05) and n-hexane (38.7%; p < 0.05) fractions gave significant glycation and alpha amylase inhibition respectively. Ethanol extract (5.5%) being the most active inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase for anti-amnesic activity. Cytotoxic activity investigations revealed that methanol (35.4%) being the most potent hemolytic agent while DNA damage protection was shown by methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. Highest thrombolytic potential was displayed by ethyl acetate (19.46%) fraction. Similarly ethyl acetate exhibit notable percentage imperviousness against biofilm formation of Pasteurella multocida (72%) and ethanol (51.57%) against Staphylococcus aureus.\nConclusions: G. glabra root extracts have remarkable therapeutic ability to fight against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, blood coagulation, bacterial growth and DNA damage in addition to have memory enhancing ability. Due to its extraordinary pharmacological efficacy further research need to be conducted to evaluate its more biochemical parameters.

Based on a new expression for the Debye screening (Non Linear Debye Potential\nNLDP) carried out by Perez and Martin 1996, we have developed the static and\ndynamic properties in one component plasma (OCP): static pair correlation functions\ng(r) and h(r) that serve to compute the self diffusion coefficient, and the time\nauto-correlation function of the local electric field acting on an impurity in the\nplasma and the time auto-correlation function of this impurity velocity. The NLDP\nis obtained by solving Poisson equation without the usual linearization hypothesis that assumes that the electrostatic energy is much smaller than the thermal energy. A comparison of the prediction of this model of NLDP for the self-diffusion and for the autocorrelation functions with the results of the molecular dynamics simulation shows an acceptable agreement over a wide range of the plasma coupling.

Due to the widespread of Internet, the malicious activities are increasing that affect a single system as well as a network of systems (computer networks). Therefore, there is a need of an effective intrusion detection system (IDS) that can protect the user’s information, which is a great challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel Multilevel Classifier Hybrid Model IDS that combines both the misuse detection and anomaly detection approaches using the supervised and unsupervised learning approaches. This model contains two phases: in first phase, the random tree classifier classifies the dataset into known attacks using the misuse detection approach and second phase classifies the novel attacks using the anomaly detection approach. It uses the instance based learning method is used the k-nearest neighbor algorithm separately in phase 2. The proposed model provides a significant improvement of in predication accuracy, reduces false positive rate, and reduces the training time. Hence, it is confirmed that proposed model is a novel combination of classifiers that can be trained on a dataset in parallel; thus, saves the training time and makes the system processing faster. Using simulation results, we show that the proposed model provides better results than the existing IDS models.

Background\nThe main idea is directed to development of maximally safe and assessable methods for derivation of various normal mature cell types from stem/progenitor cells by application of appropriate laboratory incubation techniques. The last could vary, depending both of the respective tools of stem/progenitor cells, as well as of the respective wished mature cell type.\nMethods\n3T3 normal mouse embryonic cells were incubated in cultural fluid, supplemented by previous cultivation of malignant mouse myeloma cells in it (after centrifugation and filtration). Separated sub-populations of these cells were treated with cryo-protector Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), freezed, thawed and re-cultivated. Another 3T3 sub-population was de novo-pre-cultivated in cultural fluid, supplemented after previous incubation of osteoclast-like cells or of myeloid progenitors in it. 3D-visualization technology, combined with laser irradiation, were developed and proved as usable for these pilot studies, which are initial steps of investigations, allowing the determination of presence and/or localization of respective molecules in the complex structures, by intra- and extra-cellular inter-molecular interactions.\nResults and Discussion\nAfter addition of respective volume DMSO, freezing and subsequent thawing and re-cultivation, derivation of multi-nuclear osteoclast-like cells was noted. The results obtained were confirmed by the observed appearance of osteoblast-like cells in incubation of de novo-formed monolayer of 3T3 fibroblasts in cultural fluid from the so derived osteoclast-like cells, described above, but also by the observed destruction of the last in co-cultivation of cells from both sub-types derived (cultural fluids plus cell suspensions). These changes could explain with the existence of stem-like cells in the general 3T3 cell line, and this explanation could be confirmed by the observed signs of early myeloid differentiation of these cells in their short-term incubation in cultural fluid from mouse malignant myeloid cells in the absence of DMSO, as well as freezing and thawing procedures. According to the results obtained, besides the factors of cultivation and the components of extra-cellular matrix, the role of cell receptors and organic detergents on the cell differentiation direction, but also of intra-cellular fusion in the formation of osteoclast-like cells, was shown. Hence, in agreement with the literature data, a probability about the influence of DMSO and other organic detergents on gene transfer was proposed.\nConclusions\nDifferent lineages of normal mature cells could be derived from progenitors with common source by appropriate incubation. Also, the combined technique of laser irradiation of biological objects with their 3D-visualization gives a possibility about more precise identification of the changes, occurring in different phases of living processes, on both cellular and organism levels.

In this work we propose an algorithm to extract the brain depends on the brain anatomy and 3D output. Approach for devising a novel brain extraction algorithm. We aimed at establishing a method that requires minimal to no parameter tuning and still handles images from clinical routine using thresholiding and region growing. because it seems intuitive to take all the available information into account if the task is to discriminate between brain and non-brain tissue. Our approach is one of the accurate method to sulcal penetration and a measure for gray matter thickness at every point over the whole cortical mantle. The method for extracting a 3-D geometric model of human cortical surface is presented. Computer aided diagnostic processing plays a significant role in the character of clinical subroutine. This process takes into account volume of images so that accurate timbre entropy can be found for diagnosing the disease. Grounded on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been impetus to the radiologist’s arsenal of imaging tools toward reliable findings and diagnosis of disease. MRI is a tomography imaging proficiencies that create the images of internal physical and chemical feature of an object from externally calculated nuclear magnetic resonance signals.

The paper aims to analyse selected characteristics, attitudes and opinions of organic food e-consumers (online shoppers) in Poland. We have conducted a survey among 1000 inhabitants of Poland aged 15-65. The sample was representative for the general population, regarding: age, sex, education and the size of the city of origin. 63 respondents reported buying organic food online. We compare this segment with the total sample. Among organic e-consumers, organic food authenticity is evaluated primarily with the use of the following criteria: product quality, quality signs, taste, and label. The crucial barriers to the development of organic market include primarily high prices, low availability, insufficient consumer knowledge and scepticism toward the systems of certification and labelling. The most important organic food selection motives among the online shoppers are: eco-friendliness, healthfulness, quality assurance, taste, and safety. Almost a half of organic e-consumers also buy organic food in specialised physical shops and a third of them on markets and bazaars. In a model of logistic regression, age, income, willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for organic food, importance attached to product appearance and to quality signs turned out to be statistically significant determinants of online shopping behaviour for organic food in Poland. Higher income, importance attached to quality signs and higher WTP increase the likelihood of being an organic e-consumer, while higher age and importance attached to product appearance decrease it. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of organic food online shopping in Poland.

In this paper we describe an online Mexican program for the professional development of Latin America mathematics teachers. Drawing from Communities of Practice Wenger’s (1998) theory, we conceptualize the program as an online learning community. Based on three basic dimensions of communities of practice (Domain, Community, and Practice) we describe how this online learning community operates to foster the professional development of mathematics teachers.

Beef round (M. semitendinosus) has been dried by microwave energy in attempt to investigate effects of salt and temperature at different levels on some quality properties in this study. The pre-treated samples were made with different temperatures (0 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C) and salting levels (0, 1.5%, 2.5%) later these samples have been dried by the microwave energy at 540 W for seven minutes. Some physical properties (water activity, moisture content, the diameter difference, the thickness difference, shrinkage ratio) were determined in dried beef samples. In addition to these, texture profile, colour and microscopic surface structure analysis of the dried beef samples were investigated in this study. \nAs a result, colour and water activity of dried meat are the most affected factors. Also physical and textural characteristics of meat such as moisture, diameter, thickness, texture and microstructure were changed by salting and pre-drying. Meat drying by using microwave oven provides a fast, economical and reliable drying alternative. It is thought that an innovative consumption field can be formed in terms of meat consumption with the increase of innovative applications related to drying.

The processes of uranium extraction from uranium-bearing ores using oxidizers and catalysts, uranium sorption from productive solutions on Purolite A500 anionite have been studied. Comparative studies was carried out on leaching of uranium from ores using traditional oxidizing agents: ammonium nitrate, sodium peroxoborate (FGP), iron (III) and using the catalyst \"M-1\" including manganese, cobalt, nickel, iron in total 0 , 3 g / dm3, a paramagnetic catalyst based on iron - \"PM\". When using the catalyst \"M-1\" after 12 hours of the experiment, uranium extraction was 86 mg / dm3.\nInvestigations have been carried out on uranium extraction from the productive leaching solutions in the presence of the M-1 catalyst on the ion exchange anion exchangers Purolite A500 and Ambersep-920 to select the optimum sorbent to maximize the recovery of the useful component from the solution. The possibility of using Purolite A500 and Ambersep-920 anion exchangers for extracting uranium from leach solutions is shown. It has been established that the sorption and capacitance characteristics of Purolite A500 and 2-Ambersep-920 sorbents are approximately equal.