Social behaviour of mice is very complex, particularly in laboratory conditions, even though the cages were designed to make keeping mice easy, with maximum control of the ambient and minimum stress. Fear and any type of agonistic behaviour are undesirable in controlled laboratory conditions, which may have significant impact on experimental results through stress expression, changed physiological reaction and/or abnormal behaviour. These phenomena, resulting from mice agonistic behaviour, need to be described and perceived.

ABSTRACT\n\n\nObjective: The objective of this research is to develop an evaluation instrument of scientific approach program in high school’s biology learning with good (valid) content validity.\nMethod: It is a development research which results a product, i.e. evaluation instrument of scientific approach in high school’s biology learning. The procedure applied for this research is descriptive and quantitative research. The stages of the research consisted of two main sustainable activities, they are: a) planning phase and b) trial phase. The planning phase consists of: initial data collection and instrument drafting. The initial data collection is done by: 1) surveying learning process of biology subject in the classroom; 2) reviewing relevant research results; 3) extracting information about scientific approach program in high school biology learning, and continued with drafting the instrument. The testing phase is expert validation. At this stage, research expert and education evaluation, as well as education practitioners are involved to the instrument readability test. Validation is done to know the instrument’s language substance and the fulfillment of evaluation requirements. This research uses validation content according to Aiken\'s formula.\nFindings: Based on the results of the research analysis, it can be concluded that the content validity of the evaluation instrument of scientific approach program in high school’s biology learning in this study is proved to be accurate and reliable. It is proven from the range number V obtained between 0 up to 1,00 and all are ≥ 0,8; it can be interpreted as a fairly high coefficient for these subcomponents and instruments. This means that both the subcomponents and the items have good content validity and support the validity of the overall test. \nImplications for Research and Practice: If the the evaluation instrument validity used in learning the scientific approach is good, it can be used to correct weaknesses or shortcomings in the high school’s biology learning process that has been done so far.

The present study reports the repartition of fungal species isolated from strawberry plant grown in Morrocan farms across the world. The fourty four species belong to four phylums Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Oomycota divided in 7 classes in which the sordariomycetes classe is represented by the majority of species (22), followed by Dothideomycetes (12), Eurotiomycetes (Aspergillus nidulans), Leotiomycetes (Botrytis cinerea), Zygomycetes (Rhizopus stolonifer) and Oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum). Among these species, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum widely dominate. In the other hand, this work confirms the apparition of new species on this crop in Morocco and somewhere else.

Leadership is a subject that has been discussed within organizations and universities. It is a great challenge to make people capable of developing their skills, in special the leadership, and through them to achieve special results. This paper presents a research on how the subject is treated within universities by the opinion of students and professionals that had already finished their courses. An exploratory research was carried out and a questionnaire was answered by leaders and trainees from one of the units of a big industry. The results showed that the leadership has been discussed within the universities. 61% of the participants stated that they had subjects or activities that were directly or indirectly related to the leader role. The participants answered that identifying and developing people are the most important leader role, which is similar to a professor who, as a coach of students and future leaders, are not often prepared to develop this skill on people and students. Although the leadership is discussed or experienced in university courses, there is still a lack of discussion about this subject by teachers and students, so that professionals are actually formed and be capable of developing other people to face current global problems.

Islamic bonds (Sukuk) have emerged as an innovative capital market instrument over the past decade. The document aims to compare Islamic obligations correctly call Sukuk in relation to treaty obligations. Sukuk are relatively new assets in the Islamic financial space and are gaining much popularity, especially among people who follow Sharia law, because they want an asset that can be compared to bonds. The material uses nonparametric statistics to perform the analysis because this is the correlation in the return data.

Building an ethical culture is challenging and a basic requirement of the companies to embed transparency in their systems, creating a positive image; serving the internal and external communities. This paper based on detailed interviews of 12 family owned businesses over a period of 16 months explores how these companies build the ethical culture, identifying the ethical culture sustainability triggers, challenges and role of religion in such practices. The values, culture, community and social norms are identified as major ingredients of a sustainable ethical culture development and implementation of the ethical policies and procedures require institutional and structural mechanisms for effectiveness in family owned businesses. The findings at numerous occasions are in contrast to the literature, whereas, in other instances are similar. The religion, society, family image, the entrepreneurs themselves and their family members play a vital role. Non-interference in private matters of the employees, whistle blowing, code of ethics, training and awareness creation and a number of other factors play a leading role in ethical culture development in family businesses.

The purpose of this article is to explore the antecedents and consequences of job crafting among academics. Supportive learning environment and leadership that reinforces learning were tested for their impact (Garvin et al., 2008). 217 academics from Yarmouk University have participated in this study. Statistics and some qualitative measures supported the significant impact of two learning organization building blocks on job crafting using Structural Equation Modelling with Amos for data fit. Results of the study revealed that both supportive learning environment and leadership that reinforces learning have a positive significant impact on job crafting and job crafting has an impact on academics’ job satisfaction. Findings suggest that strategies conducive for learning offer the most promising approach to enhancing academic job crafting and job satisfaction. Recommendations and directions for future research are presented.

The multi-temporal change detection analysis using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS technology helps us to understand global landscape dynamics. The present work illustrates the spatio-temporal changes in land use/cover (LULC) of Gej subwatershed of Hasdeo river, Chhattisgarh, India from 2000 to 2013. (Indian Remote Sensing satellite) IRS-1D Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS III) image of 2000 and IRS-P6 LISS III images of 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2013 were acquired to quantify the NDVI and Land use/cover area changes from 2000 to 2013 at early spring season. Supervised classification method has been employed in IGIS 1.0 software. The image data of the study area were classified into eight different classes for LULC i.e.; dense forest, open forest, scrub, water resources, riverbed, agriculture land, settlement and barren land. The result indicates that during 2000-2013, the scrub, water resources, riverbed, agriculture land and settlement have been increased, in contrast the dense forest, open forest and barren land have been decreased. A significant positive correlation (p≥0.05) between agriculture land and scrub followed by settlement and scrub were recorded, in contrast the settlements record a negative correlation with barren land. The LULC accuracy assessment for the data analysis gives Kappa Coefficient accuracy of 97.00% and overall accuracy 99.66 %. The data base of the paper highlights the importance of change detection techniques to identify the major land cover changes, and monitoring the impact of human induced change in hydrological setting, behaviour and environment of the Gej sub watershed.