This research work deals with the mitigation of corrosion of reinforcements in concrete structures, subjected to extreme exposure conditions, and protected using AZ91D sacrificial anodes. The experimental investigation involved casting two slabs 1.0 m X 1.0 m X 0.10 m using a steel reinforcement mat of 10 mm diameter and a centrally placed 22 mm diameter and 250 mm long AZ91D anode. One of the slabs was cast as reference slab while the other contained 3.5% NaCl by weight of cement. Half-cell potential (HCP) readings were taken at a regular interval of 10cm throughout the slab for 270 days to monitor the electrochemical potential. It could be concluded that the negative electrochemical potential in both cases increased towards the center, i.e. towards the anode, confirming the migration of chloride ions towards the anode. Further, a significant drop in negative potential could be observed in the slabs with an increase in the duration of sacrificial anoding.

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate composites based on recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), tire rubber waste and sugarcane bagasse waste as the reinforcement. The following compositions were used to prepare the composites: 50 wt% of HDPE, 20 wt% of tire rubber and 30 wt% of sugarcane bagasse. A coupling agent (MAPE) was utilized to improve the interaction between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases. Furthermore, sulfur was added to enhance the crosslinking of the rubber. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the addition of the coupling agent MAPE did not have a significant influence on the properties of the composites. However, the incorporation of sulfur did have an important effect on the mechanical and physical properties. Moreover, the results from the mechanical and physical tests revealed that the most appropriate conditions and proportions to prepare the composites are: 170 �C of temperature, 8 minutes of pressure time, 4 MPa of compression force, 0 wt% of MAPE, 3 wt% of sulfur. In the case of the workability tests, the composites were classified as good.

Affecting over a million people around the globe in less than a quarter of the year, COVID-19 is increasingly becoming a serious threat and challenge for everyone. The WHO declared pandemic is terrifyingly affecting governance, social and economic affairs of all countries regardless of their strengths and weaknesses. Many economies are facing serious pressures in dealing with this pandemic particularly due to non-medical steps such as lockdowns being taken to curtail this outbreak of COVID-19. The study focuses on the economic implications of the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan where huge number of people have been affected and the state imposed partial lockdown in the country for over 3 months. This has resulted in closure of various industries and businesses and is having numerous implications in terms of its negative effect on various economic indicators such as growth rate, exports, remittances, imports, unemployment rates. For that matter, the government and the state bank are taking steps to overcome the economic ills of this global pandemic. The study is qualitative in nature where primary and secondary data have been used to meet the objectives. Interviews of various State Bank officials and Businessmen are held to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the already struggling economy of Pakistan. The data reveals that all economic indicators mentioned earlier are likely to experience a serious decline in near future and the pressures are already being observed. The state capacity due to already high debt and revenue shortfall is limited. Nonetheless, relaxation in various taxes, benefits to investors, decrease in interest rate, loans for businesses to discourage them from laying off employees are some of the steps being taken by stakeholders. However, the issue of this pandemic and the success of steps being taken to curtail or overcome this crisis are unpredictable. It is the time that all stakeholders globally come together and help those in relatively more crisis.

Our modern and advanced culture is inviting knowingly or unknowingly many virulent viruses into our environment. These viruses are acting as game-changers of society. Since the epidemic COVID-19, has emerged into a pandemic, the world is under surveillance, especially on the fatality rate. Still, a battle is going on against invisible enemy, and research is progressing towards vaccination for this novel coronavirus. The fundamental structural changes in the environment are the root cause of many virulent diseases. The causal analysis of past and present epidemics and pandemics gives an insight into the impacts of deadliest diseases and strategies to prevent the same in the future

Background: Stunting is a problem that still faces many developing countries. the physical environment of the house and improper sanitation facilities can be a factor in the occurrence of cases. Stunting will have an impact on future generations of less qualified people. Methods: The study was conducted to analyze the factors of the home physical environment as a determinant of stunting in children aged 1-2 years. The Case-Contol design was used in this study of 92 respondents (case = 46; control = 46). In children aged 1-2 years in the Tebas sub-district, Sambas Regency. Data analysis using the chi-square test to see the significance value (p-value). Results: Stunting determinant factors in children in Tebas District, Sambas Regency is related to ventilation and the type of house floor. From the presentation of house ventilation in stunting children (58.7%) and the percentage of floor types made of cement (43.5%). The type of ceiling and wall of the house has no relationship with the incidence of stunting in children in Sambas district.Conclusion: The type of ventilation and the floor of the house as a determinant factor in the incidence of stunting in children in Tebas sub-district, Sambas district.

Background: The health status of informal workers which is still low due to high workloads and low energy intake should be a concern of the government, in general, the relevant agencies that handle these workers.. Objective: The aims of the study to analyze effect of feeding of hight in energy and protein to improve Hb and productivity of waste workers. Methode : This research is quasi experiment with pre and post desain. Samples are all the solid waste worker as 56 persons. Data analyzed by correlation test and Mann Whitney test, with degree of freedom 95% (?= 5%). Result: There was a difference in Hb and productivity between before and after be given by feeding of hight in energy and protein to waste workers. There was correlation between feeding of hight in energy and protein with productivity. Conclution: Recommended to the Environment Office of Pontiannak City can incentive funds to provide suplentary feeding for solid waste workers. It could be given in the form of cake containing the high in energy and Protein. There were effective of feeding of hight in energy and protein to improve Hb and productivity of waste workers

Memristor which is fourth fundamental passive circuit element attracted interests of many researchers thanks to its some superior properties. In this study, we presented a novel memristor emulator based nondestructive read/write circuit. The proposed circuit has simple and nondestructive structure. And also there is no need any external switching mechanism to read or write operations so the power dissipation becomes less when compared previous presented circuits. To test the proposed circuit one memristor is used and all simulation results are obtained as expected.

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a significant threat to the global health and economics. Its global impact and deterioration requires strong pandemic preparedness and response strategies with the help of laws on public health. This research reviews the legal preparedness and response of Pakistan in the face of an epidemic disease such as COVID-19. It addresses the main question whether the legal framework on pandemic infectious disease is sufficient to deal with the current challenges? For this purpose the national and provincial laws were revived and analyzed and further highlighted the gaps and disparities in these laws on the subject. The current findings show that the legal system, policies and framework of Pakistan is inadequate and insufficient in nature and is based on the archaic and outmoded laws that do not meet the needs of modern health crises. It concludes that Pakistan needs a comprehensive public health legislation to overcome the challenges and impact of a pandemic. These findings aim to help policy and law makers to establish practicable pandemic preparedness strategies, translating preparedness ‘on paper’ to ‘in practice’. The qualitative and analytical method of research has been followed.

Adequate food is a basic need for every citizen to live a dignified life and for the realization of social, political and cultural rights. In Pakistan, there are already grave challenges in the area of food associated with security, safety and availability of food. Presently the situation is very distressing in the country as Pakistan is a state with serious situation of hunger. Especially, in emergencies like lock down in response to COVID-19, it multiplies the problems for the people as well as the state to meet the needs of food. Consequently, the situation leads toward hunger even deaths of poor citizens for which State liability law is silent. Islam emphasizes on the principle of liability including right to adequate food. Food crisis and liability of the state for the same is a hot and ongoing debate in Pakistan. This paper reviews the existing legislation on food regarding liability of the State and analyzes the issue whether Pakistan, being an Islamic State, is liable legally to provide adequate food to its people under normal as well as special situations like lock down. The doctrine of liability is applied to undertake this research. The objective of the paper is to assist policy and law makers to develop viable plans, translating availability ‘on paper’ to ‘in practice’. It suggests to incorporate the doctrine of liability, right to adequate food, as an express right, in related legislation, to active already existed national protection net schemes and to regularize the immunity clauses for the protection and promotion of right to adequate food.

The study of the Mikveh (ritual bath) and its significance in rabbinic Judaism analyzes the spiritual significance of the mikveh and its ability to purify man. The mystery of the mikveh symbolizes immersion in the secrets of God\'s name and presence. The study emphasizes the idea of purity, which is related to life, and at the same time the need to separate the living from the dead. Water has the meaning of purification not only in the general sense, but also in the ritual sense. The cleanliness of the dishes when eating is also important and everything has its strict rules. The study also introduces the Jewish tradition and the importance of immersion, which symbolizes the spiritual-mystical purification of man, the family. Immersion itself is a ritual with rules that requires sufficient spiritual preparation.

The focus on growing particular wheat varieties which are high yielding is one of main reason to overlook the wheat quality. The nutritional value of one hundred and fifty hexaploid wheat genotypes was estimated for key quality attributes by two years field experiment under rain fed conditions and reproducible lab experiments. Correlation coefficients illustrated that the major grain quality parameters exhibiting inverse relationship with grain yield per plant whereas significant positive relationship with thousand grain weight. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed in two principal components which contributed 80.3% of the entire variation among the different genotypes assessed for grain quality attributes. The quality attributes viz. wet gluten, SDS sedimentation value, protein, glutenin content, thousand grain weight were considerably most influential and had high positive loading into the first principle component. The genotypes superior in grain quality traits enriched with high nutritional value were selected and considered as major contributors of bread making. Among all genotypes G89 (PAK-13), was the outperformer having superior grain quality as well as grain yield. Protein content, wet gluten, thousand grain weight are imperative attributes, on their bases diverse genotypes can be selected and they are considered as good indicators of better quality.