This article studies the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with metal fibers (chips) randomly arranged in the concrete, as well as the possibility of making a mixture (stirrups + fibers) to improve shear ductility and limit crack openings. These fibers come from machining waste from steel parts. The fibers are characterized for mechanical resistance and tearing. The length of the fibers used L= 50 mm with 8 undulations (spirals). Shear tests are carried out on prismatic specimens. Compression tests are carried out on cylinders to determine the mechanical properties of the concrete used. The optimum composition of the concrete was determined by the workability test. Two fiber contents are retained for this study (W=0.6% and W=0.8%) and a BT control concrete (W=0%) with W: fiber contents in the concrete, of the same composition as the matrix is developed for serve as a reference with a sand/gravel ratio equal to 1 (S/G=1). The confrontation and the comparison of the various results obtained with other experimental results show that the fibers in chips confer a significant ductility to the material after cracking of the concrete. Also, the fibers used limit diagonal shear cracks and improve strength and rigidity.

Salt is one of the most widely used condiments in the home cooking and the food industry. It not only contains an essential micronutrient for human beings (sodium), but also is an important and safe preservative in food processing sector. Excessive salt intake is linked to the high prevalence of hypertension and other related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. A reduction in salt intake across the whole population will be conducive to improvements in public health. However, reducing the salt content in foods is not a simple but a challenging task, since salt not only impacts the flavor and texture of the final products, but also plays an important role in processing and preservation of foods. The present review introduced the salt reduction actions around the world and different approaches for sodium reduction in foods, and further summarized emerging technologies that utilized in salt reduction in foods.

The aim was to find out the responsibility of the service provider in the field of cyber security. The descriptive approach and the analytical approach were used in this study and the comparative approach. The study reached a number of results, including: The Jordanian legislator did not address in the Jordanian cyber security law the technical and technical issues of the cyber security incident in terms of nature and impact and classification. This will affect the guarantee of protection that has been established in cyber security and the safety of cyberspace in Jordan. As well as benefiting from the capabilities of information and communication technologies for cyber security, at all levels. The study recommended the need to conduct more studies on protection in cyber security.

This paper proposes a novel way of building concept graphs by probabilistically analyzing\nconnected hyperlinks among Wikipedia articles. This paper defines a single concept\nusing its corresponding Wikipedia article, and we use a web search engine named Elasticsearch\nto locate the concept level Wikipedia articles for a particular document corpus.\nThen, the hierarchical relationships of isolated concepts are determined by computing the\nsubsumption probabilities between incoming and outgoing hyperlinks, which are internally\nrepresented as a partial ordering matrix. To find more precise relationships among concepts,\nthe proposed method uses the weights of concepts that result from the number of incoming\nand outgoing hyperlinks. Specifically, to estimate the topological weights of concepts,\nwe devised a special weighting function that mainly uses the number of hyperlinks among\nWikipedia articles. Then, the weights of concepts are used to calculate the probabilistic\nsubsumption among concepts, which allows the generation of relatively more stable concept\ngraphs. Our prototype system can produce very reasonable concept graphs that contain\nboth noun level and propernoun level concepts. Such document corpus dependent concept\ngraphs can be used as a knowledge base for developing various text mining applications.

During the present study, from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), total 49 species were recorded belonging to under reference 3 orders, 24 families and 37 genera; whereas among Pansera fields, total 58 species were counted pertaining to 3 orders, 25 families and 52 genera. Maximum population was recorded from (AARI) fields 51.89% (N = 274) and least population was recorded from Pansera fields i.e. 48.11% (N = 254). In case of (AARI) fields, maximum population was recorded during 1st sampling (36 ± 6.08), followed by 33 ± 3.96 (3rd sampling), 31 ± 2.55 (4th sampling) and so on – while, least values were recorded during 3rd sampling (20 ± 5.23). In case of Pansera fields, maximum population was recorded during 4th sampling (37 ± 8.20), followed by 36 ± 7.50 (1st sampling), 30 ± 3.25 (5th sampling), 30 ± 3.25 and so on – while, least value was recorded during 9th sampling (14 ± 8.06). From the overall findings, significant results were recorded in case of Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), fields and among them, higher relative abundance (67.15%; N = 184) was recorded for order Diptera. From Pensera sarson fields, higher relative abundance (71.26%; N = 181) was recorded for order Diptera, followed by Lepidoptera (25.98%; N = 66); however, least relative abundance (2.76%; N = 7) was recorded for order Coleoptera – whereas, comparative relative abundance of each species from each field was recorded heterogeneously. Wherein, a lot of species representing one crop instead of overall representation. From Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI): Coccinella septempunctata (Coccinellidae) was recorded as an extraordinary contributing species with relative abundance of 5.47% (N = 15). From Pansera fields, Musca domestica (Muscidae) was recorded abundantly with relative abundance of 6.30% (N = 16). Diversity (H) was recorded maximum among (AARI) fields (0.0685) and least was recorded among Pansera fields (0.0635). Evenness ratio was also recorded in same context (0.0281 and 0.0264, respectively). Dominance was recorded maximum from (AARI) fields (1.0281) and least fromPanser afields (1.0264). However, richness was a little bit recorded high among Pansera fields (17.7080) and least among (AARI) fields (15.1036). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was among both fields (sarson AARI and sarson pansera) showed non-significant results (F = 0.01; P = 0.9152).

The goal is to determine the mechanisms of soil-cement interlocked brick plus wood fibers under compressive loading. For this we used experimental stress analysis techniques. Horizontal deformations (?x) and vertical (?y) of bricks were obtained with extensometers, in the configuration of five rosettes. From the values of these deformations and using the equations of the theory of elasticity, Poisson coefficients were determined and elasticity modules, and calculated the corresponding voltages each escutcheon according to the equations of the State of plane stress. To determine the trajectory of the rupture voltage-loading graphics were made of each rosette. Knowing this trajectory determined the tensions related to the modification of the brick break mechanism. The appearance of a premature cracking or excessive is parameter used to determine the State limit of use of bricks.

The mosquito larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal activities were analyzed by ethanol extract of Sargassum polycystum (S. polycystum) against Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). The extraction was done in soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as solvent. The larvicidal activity was tested by various concentrations of the extract at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300µL against batches of 20 early fourth- instar larvae of dengue and filariasis vectors. The mortality was observed 24h after treatment. The repellent activity of the S. polycystum was determined against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in different concentration of the extract at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300µL/cm2. Adulticidal activity of the S. polycystum extract was tested against four to five day old female adults of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The adult mortality was observed 24h under the laboratory conditions. Each experiment was conducted with the three replicates and a concurrent control group. As per the WHO guidelines, the experiments were conducted. In larvicidal activity the maximum efficacy was observed at 200 µL concentrations of LC50 were (52.2±2.3) µL/ml and (53.2±2.3) µL/ml. At 300 µL of concentration extracts of S. polycystum showed maximum repellency percentage of 93% and 95.1% against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in 200µL concentration against Ae .aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 were (50.2±0.7) µL/ml and (51.2±0.9) µL/ml. The GC-MS reveals unique chemical compounds obtained from the extract of S. polycystum. The present study identifies the active insecticidal compounds from S. polycystum by GC-MS and from the results it can be concluded the extract of S. polycystum can be novel efficient ecofriendly biocontrol source against dengue and filariasis mosquitoes

El presente estudio se realizó en las regiones Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins y del Maule en Chile central con el propósito de ubicar y caracterizar los remanentes de bosque esclerófilo. Este ecosistema ha sido sometido a una intensa y prolongada presión antrópica resultando en su notable reducción y fragmentación. El bosque esclerófilo está subrepresentado en el sistema de protección ambiental chileno, a pesar de su importante biodiversidad y endemismo. Las áreas con remanentes de bosque fueron ubicadas usando imágenes satelitales mediante un sistema de información geográfica multicriterio y posteriormente verificadas mediante control de terreno. Luego se caracterizaron en base a su fisonomía y estructura en tres tipos de situaciones: bosque abierto, semidenso y denso, para cada una de las comunas de las dos regiones. Las comunas se jerarquizaron en base a la cobertura de bosque y en las 14 comunas más representativas se realizó un análisis de fragmentación utilizando índices de paisaje. Los resultados muestran un bosque muy fragmentado, con enorme variación en tamaño y distribución espacial. Se presenta la cobertura según la situación de bosque para cada comuna. Para las comunas jerarquizadas se detallan número, tamaño promedio, densidad y características de los fragmentos. Se relacionan los resultados con algunos parámetros del paisaje y del uso del suelo y se discute su posible contribución al diseño de programas de manejo para la protección y recuperación del bosque esclerófilo. Estos resultados representan la información más actualizada hasta ahora, que caracteriza la situación del bosque esclerófilo referido a las unidades político-administrativas.

This paper presents a mathematical modelling of thin layer drying of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To this end, two different methods were used to dehydrate tomato slices namely the solar drying (in an indirect solar dryer), and the forced convective drying (in a convective dryer). In the solar dryer, the experiments were carried out at a constant air velocity of 1 m.s-1 and average temperatures of 37.2, 39.9, 42.5 °C. In the convective dryer, the experiments were performed with five different temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) at a constant air velocity of 1 m.s-1. In order to estimate and select the appropriate drying curve equation, fifteen different thin layer mathematical drying models available in the literature were applied to the experimental data. The models were compared using the correlation coefficient (r) and the standard error (s) and were predicted by a non-linear regression analysis using the Curve Expert software. The Midilli-Kucuk model has shown a better ?t to the experimental drying data according to (r) and (s) for the two drying methods. The e?ect of the drying temperature on the parameters of this model was also determined. The experimental drying curves showed only a falling drying rate period. On average, tomatoes were dried to the ?nal moisture content of 0.15 kg water/kg d.m from 14.36 kg water/kg d.m in the solar drying, and to the ?nal moisture content of 0.10 kg water /kg d.m from 12.66 kg water/kg d.m in the convective drying.

The green wall benefits on existing buildings have ever more attracted the attention of the scientific community. Past studies mainly focus on the ecological and environmental advantage of existing structures, while few works address the structural benefits of the green wall. In the present study, the structural impact of the typical direct greening system referred to masonry structures, is assessed. This experimental program consists of direct shear, flexural bending and in-plane test to evaluate the effect of green wall strengthening effect on the basic characteristic of masonry. For the in-plane test, wall dimensions were 900×750×105 mm3 and consisted of 10 brick rows of 4 bricks each. The horizontal load was applied by means of a hydraulic actuator. Results show that after the initial breaking point, the post-peak strength is higher for green wall strengthened panels compared with that of non-retrofitted masonry panel. Even though the green wall strengthens masonry was not showing any improvement in initial strength, it shows the reasonable improvement in residual strength. Also, it improves the structural behavior in term of stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. Considering the overall performance, green wall strengthening can effectively improve the residual structural performance of masonry houses. Addition structural performance, to encourage retrofitting, inexpensive and easy to implement technical solutions are desirable. A direct greening system satisfies these requirements.