Objectives: A decrease in levels of somatostatin (SST) and substance P (SP) is observed in the parkinsonian brain. Previously, brain SST deficit in rats simulated by i.c.v. injections of SST receptor antagonist, cyclosomatostatin (cSST), was found to promote the development of catalepsy. The role of SP, a natural ligand of neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors, in the development of catalepsy is currently unclear. Here, we evaluated whether simultaneous blockade of central somatostatin and NK1 receptors is able to initiate catalepsy and affect dopamine turnover in the nigrostriatal area of the brain. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on middle-aged Wistar rats. The blockade of somatostatin and NK1 receptors was simulated by intracerebroventricular injections of cSST and substance L-733,060, respectively. Catalepsy was evaluated by the bar test. The levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the dorsal striatum and substantia nigra were measured by using HPLC. Results: No catalepsy was induced by cSST at 1.0 �g and L-733,060 at 10.0 ng injected separately. However, co-administration of these agents initiated catalepsy and influenced dopamine metabolism in the nigrostriatal area. Cataleptogenic action of the combination was reversed by SP. Conclusion: The present findings testify that there is some sort of synergy between cSST and L-733,060 in initiation of catalepsy. In the light of these data, PD-related simultaneous brain deficit in SST and SP might be relevant for pathogenesis of extrapyramidal dysfunctions. Given the presented results, the processes mediated by central SST and NK1 receptors may be potential therapeutic targets for parkinsonism.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of Digital Transformation (DT) on occupational health and safety practices in the healthcare sector. A survey was used to obtain the research data, and in the first part of this survey, "Demographic Questions" about the participants were included, in the second part, "Digital Transformation" scale and in the third part, "Occupational Health and Safety Practices Scale" questions were included. The population of the research was determined as the personnel working in public and private hospitals serving in Van. Research findings and recommendations were created by performing "Reliability", "Frequency", "Correlation", "Regression" and "ANOVA" analyzes on the data obtained from the surveys in the "SPSS 21" program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that DTs in enterprises have a positive effect on occupational health and safety practices. In addition, it was determined that there was a statistical difference between demographic variables such as gender, age, educational status and length of service and DTs and occupational health and safety practices.
The process of disc degeneration represents an abnormal, cell-mediated response leading to progressive structural failure. A degenerated disc is one with structural breakdown accelerated or accompanied by signs of advanced aging. It tends to exhibit degenerative and aging changes earlier than other connective tissues in the body. Given the relationship between back pain and disc degeneration, it\'s considered clinically significant. The roles of Galectin-3 in brain development, within glial cells, and their interaction with other neural and invading cells in pathological conditions have been observed. Successful nerve regeneration via functional repair involves both internal and external factors such as neurons\' ability to rebuild axons, support for axonal growth, and accessible target tissues for re-innervation. The study evaluated the role of Galectin protein in tissue regeneration and its potential as a diagnostic marker in Lumbar Herniated Disc degeneration. It was conducted on a total of 50 individuals, including 29 LD trauma cases and 21 healthy subjects, at the Brain Surgery Clinic. Assessing the expression of two molecules in Lumbar disc degeneration, no significant difference was found in resistin levels between groups (p=0.853), whereas Galectin levels were significantly different between the Control and LD (Lumbar disc) groups (p<0.001). Galectin protein secretion was found to be higher in the LD group compared to the control group. Early assessment of Galectin protein could provide insights into the level of degeneration, thus serving as a crucial criterion for evaluating the need for surgical treatment.
a las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) y aquellas personas que no han tenido dicha oportunidad, al igual que la diferencia en el nivel de uso para diferentes actividades. Con el propósito de reducir esta brecha, se emprenden procesos en el marco del fenómeno denominado inclusión digital. Estos fenómenos, a pesar de ser resientes en el campo teórico, poseen diversos acercamientos, lo cual es una dificultad para los investigadores al momento de iniciar a construir el respectivo marco teórico o revisión conceptual. En el presente documento se realiza una clasificación de literatura de la perspectiva social de la brecha digital y la inclusión digital con base en un proceso de revisión sistemática de literatura.\nComo conclusión se puede mencionar que contar con una clasificación de material bibliográfico sobre los fenómenos, permite a los investigadores agilizar sus procesos e iniciar sus investigaciones con un mayor enfoque y con fuentes de primera mano.
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of three agents frequently used in daily life for medical expulsive therapy on each other.\nMaterials and methods: A total of 143 patients meeting the criteria were included in the study. Patients were divided into three homogeneous drug groups which were tamsulosin group (n:48), alfuzosin group (n:47) and silodosin group (n:48). The time of stone expulsion, analgesic needs, side effects of the medicine and endoscopic intervention needs of the patients were recorded.\nResults: The rate of stone expulsion was 70.8% (n:34) in tamsulosin group, 70.2% (n:33) in alfuzosin group, and 75% (n:36) in silodosin group. No significant difference was observed among the rates of stone expulsion in three groups, and the rates of stone expulsion were similar (p=0.778). The duration of stone expulsion has significant differences in the groups (p=0.012). the time of stone expulsion in tamsulosin was 2.33±0.78 days longer than the one in Silodosin, indicating a significant difference. There was no significant difference between tamsulosin-alfuzosin and silodosin-alfuzosin (respectively p=0.147, p=0.925).\nConclusions: The results of this study showed that medical expulsive therapy by using alpha blocker agents are safe and efficacious. This option must be kept in mind who are not volunteer for surgery as the first-step treatment for eligible patients.
The article examines the main areas of cooperation between the Orthodox Church and medical institutions in Russia. It is shown that the Church, as well as medical and preventive institutions, are trying to determine the necessary and appropriate vectors for the development of medical care for people who need it. The article reveals historical parallels, indicating the readiness of doctors and representatives of the Orthodox Church to solve emerging problems and determine the prospects for development. The relationship between the spiritual and physical health of the Russian population is shown, which manifests itself in the context of socio-economic reforms.\nWe consider the historical experience of organization of church medical aid, which can help in the development of algorithms and conceptual principles for the creation of charitable communities, the formation of which will ensure the stable functioning of medical institutions, regardless of political situation and geographical location.\nThe author independently conducted an analytical review of domestic and foreign literature on this topic, compiled a research program, developed statistical accounting forms, collected medical, historical and statistical information. The planning, compilation of statistical processing programs and the processing itself were carried out in educational institutions and scientific centers.
Individuals at project level are becoming more responsible and accountable for the job they perform. Due to increase in complexity of project requirements, there is considerable influence on the responsibilities and roles of project professionals of software industry. The present study aims to examine the relationship and impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job performance of project professionals in software development industry. Data is collected from 219 employees working on projects in 60 software companies of Punjab that are registered with Pakistan Software Houses Association. The results of correlation and multiple regression analysis, reveal that both structural and psychological empowerment have significantly positive effect on the performance of project professionals. The findings suggest that both types of empowerment play major role in influencing employees’ job performance of software industry to enhance success in projects.
By an ordered semihypergroup, we mean a semihypergroup equipped with a partial order relation. An ordered semihypergroup is a natural generalization of a semigroup with a hyper operations and a partial order. In this paper, we try to obtain a more general form of a fuzzy left (right) hyperideal and a fuzzy interior hyperideal in an ordered semihypergroup. The concepts of an -fuzzy left (right) hyperideal and an -fuzzy interior hyperideal are introduced and several related properties are investigated. We show that in regular and intra-regular ordered semihypergroups the concepts of (alpha, beeta)-fuzzy hyperideal and (alpha, beeta)-fuzzy interior hyperideal coincide. In the last of this paper, the characterizations of simple ordered semihyper-groups are obtained and several related theorems are discussed.
In this survey paper, we characterize the reinforcement learning for mobile robot navigation and state the importance of artificial intelligence in achieving machine learning techniques. We review various reinforcement learning approaches that have been proposed for mobile robot navigation classifying them under the learning paradigms. Reinforcement learning (RL) is presented as an autonomous learning procedure that is suitable for unknown environments. We describe some challenging learning policies of RL approach that arise in path planning of mobile robot navigation, in particular in Markovian environments, and present their possible solution methods. Finally, we present future scope and show suitable machine learning approaches for learning in mobile robot path planning.
A partir de la formulación del concepto de sustentabilidad, surge la necesidad de considerar en forma integral y global los procesos productivos y de alcanzar medidas de la sustentabilidad. De este modo se construyeron listas de indicadores y características que debían tener los mismos. Luego se propusieron conceptos, criterios y metodologías para seleccionar/desprender/derivar indicadores que conformaran índices de sustentabilidad o que fueran parte de diferentes marcos de evaluación de sustentabilidad. \nEn Latinoamérica se han desarrollado sistemas para evaluar agroecosistemas con desigual grado de conceptualización y rigurosidad, y también con disímiles criterios. Dado que dichos sistemas han sido escasamente analizados tanto en su fase conceptual como en su fase aplicada, en el presente artículo nos proponemos comparar el “Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de recursos naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad” (MESMIS) y el marco “Evaluación de Agroecosistemas Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad”, buscando semejanzas y diferencias entre los mismos, en clave de resaltar sus ventajas y sus limitantes. Como conclusión general afirmamos que ninguno de los dos marcos presenta en términos globales características superadoras, no obstante el enfoque sistémico presente en el marco MESMIS le otorga mayor poder heurístico.